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| Primarily obsessional obsessive compulsive disorder ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
:''"POCD" redirects here. For the other meaning of this acronym, see Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.''Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder''' (also commonly called '''purely obsessional OCD''',''' Pure-O''', '''OCD without overt compulsions''' or '''with covert compulsions''')(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64. is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 ) Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.==Common themes==Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 ) The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane. They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 ) and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:* '''Responsibility''': with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php* '''Sexuality''': including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf* '''Violence''': which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975 * '''Religiosity''': manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg* '''Health''': including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.* '''Relationship obsessions (ROCD)''': in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd
:''"POCD" redirects here. For the other meaning of this acronym, see Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.''
Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also commonly called purely obsessional OCD, Pure-O, OCD without overt compulsions or with covert compulsions)〔(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64.〕 is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.〔(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 )〕 Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.
==Common themes==
Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD."〔 Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.〕 People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others."〔 Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.〕 The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature."〔 Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.〕
The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.〔(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 )〕 The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane.
They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)〔(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 )〕 and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.〔〔The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.〕
Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:
* Responsibility: with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.〔http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php〕
* Sexuality: including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.〔http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php〕 The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").〔〔Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146〕〔Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf〕
* Violence: which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.〔〔Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975〕
* Religiosity: manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.〔〔Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg〕
* Health: including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.〔〔
* Relationship obsessions (ROCD): in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.〔How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「:''"POCD" redirects here. For the other meaning of this acronym, see Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.'''''Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder''' (also commonly called '''purely obsessional OCD''',''' Pure-O''', '''OCD without overt compulsions''' or '''with covert compulsions''')(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64. is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 ) Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.==Common themes==Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 ) The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane. They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 ) and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:* '''Responsibility''': with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php* '''Sexuality''': including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf* '''Violence''': which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975 * '''Religiosity''': manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg* '''Health''': including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.* '''Relationship obsessions (ROCD)''': in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd」の詳細全文を読む
'Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also commonly called purely obsessional OCD, Pure-O, OCD without overt compulsions or with covert compulsions)(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64. is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 ) Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.==Common themes==Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 ) The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane. They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 ) and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:* Responsibility: with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php* Sexuality: including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf* Violence: which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975 * Religiosity: manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg* Health: including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.* Relationship obsessions (ROCD): in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd
:''"POCD" redirects here. For the other meaning of this acronym, see Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.''
Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also commonly called purely obsessional OCD, Pure-O, OCD without overt compulsions or with covert compulsions)〔(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64.〕 is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.〔(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 )〕 Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.
==Common themes==
Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD."〔 Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.〕 People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others."〔 Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.〕 The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature."〔 Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.〕
The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.〔(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 )〕 The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane.
They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)〔(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 )〕 and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.〔〔The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.〕
Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:
* Responsibility: with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.〔http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php〕
* Sexuality: including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.〔http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php〕 The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").〔〔Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146〕〔Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf〕
* Violence: which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.〔〔Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975〕
* Religiosity: manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.〔〔Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg〕
* Health: including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.〔〔
* Relationship obsessions (ROCD): in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.〔How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ''Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also commonly called purely obsessional OCD, Pure-O, OCD without overt compulsions or with covert compulsions)(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64. is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 ) Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.==Common themes==Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 ) The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane. They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 ) and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:* Responsibility: with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php* Sexuality: including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf* Violence: which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975 * Religiosity: manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg* Health: including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.* Relationship obsessions (ROCD): in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd">ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■''Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also commonly called purely obsessional OCD, Pure-O, OCD without overt compulsions or with covert compulsions)(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64. is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 ) Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.==Common themes==Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 ) The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane. They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 ) and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:* Responsibility: with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php* Sexuality: including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf* Violence: which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975 * Religiosity: manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg* Health: including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.* Relationship obsessions (ROCD): in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd">ウィキペディアで「:''"POCD" redirects here. For the other meaning of this acronym, see Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.''Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (also commonly called purely obsessional OCD, Pure-O, OCD without overt compulsions or with covert compulsions)(Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. Coping with OCD. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. ) Page 64. is a lesser-known form or manifestation of OCD. For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are fewer observable compulsions, compared to those commonly seen with the typical form of OCD (checking, counting, hand-washing, etc.). While ritualizing and neutralizing behaviors do take place, they are mostly cognitive in nature, involving mental avoidance and excessive rumination.(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 111-128 ) Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific intrusive thoughts of a distressing or violent nature.==Common themes==Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into () head frequently", and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something ...potentially fatal...to yourself or others." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications. The thoughts "quite likely, are of an aggressive or sexual nature." Hyman, Bruce and Troy DeFrene. ''Coping with OCD''. 2008. New Harbinger Publications.The nature and type of primarily obsessional OCD varies greatly, but the central theme for all sufferers is the emergence of a disturbing intrusive thought or question, an unwanted/inappropriate mental image, or a frightening impulse that causes the person extreme anxiety because it is antithetical to closely held religious beliefs, morals, or societal mores.(The OCD workbook By Bruce M. Hyman, Cherry Pedrick, Pages 16-23 ) The fears associated with primarily obsessional OCD tend to be far more personal and terrifying for the sufferer than what the fears of someone with traditional OCD may be. Pure-O fears usually focus on self-devastating scenarios that the sufferer feels would ruin their life or the lives of those around them. An example of this difference could be that someone with traditional OCD is overly concerned or worried about security or cleanliness. While this is still distressing, it is not to the same level as someone with Pure-O, who may be terrified that they have undergone a radical change in their sexuality (i.e.: might be or might have changed into a pedophile), that they might be a murderer or that they might cause any form of harm to a loved one or an innocent person, or to themselves, or that they will go insane. They will understand that these fears are unlikely or even impossible but the anxiety felt will make the obsession seem real and meaningful. While those without primarily obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Pure-O will respond with profound alarm followed by an intense attempt to neutralize the thought or avoid having the thought again. The person begins to ask themselves constantly "Am I really capable of something like that?" or "Could that really happen?" or "Is that really me?" (even though they usually realize that their fear is irrational, which causes them further distress)(Obsessive compulsive disorder By Frederick M. Toates, Olga Coschug-Toates, 2nd Edition 2000, Pages 94-96 ) and puts tremendous effort into escaping or resolving the unwanted thought. They then end up in a vicious cycle of mentally searching for reassurance and trying to get a definitive answer.The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry, By Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky, Glen O. Gabbard, American Psychiatric Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D.Common intrusive thoughts/obsessions include themes of:* Responsibility: with an excessive concern over someone's well-being marked specifically by guilt over believing they have harmed or might harm someone, either on purpose or inadvertently.http://www.ocdonline.com/articlephillipson2.php* Sexuality: including recurrent doubt over one's sexual orientation (also called HOCD or "homosexual OCD"). People with this theme display a very different set of symptoms than those actually experiencing an actual crisis in sexuality. One major difference is that people who have HOCD report being attracted sexually towards the opposite sex prior to the onset of HOCD, while homosexual people whether in the closet or repressed have always had such same-sex attractions.http://www.neuroticplanet.com/hocd.php The question "Am I gay?" takes on a pathological form. Many people with this type of obsession are in healthy and fulfilling romantic relationships, either with members of the opposite sex, or the same sex (in which case their fear would be "Am I straight?").Obsessive-compulsive related disorders By Eric Hollander, pages 140-146Homosexuality Anxiety: A Misunderstood Form of OCD http://www.brainphysics.com/research/HOCD_Williams2008.pdf* Violence: which involves a constant fear of violently harming oneself or loved ones or persistent worry that one is a pedophile and might harm a child.Akhtar, S., Wig, NA, Verma, VK, Pershad, D., & Verma, SK A phenomenological analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. 1975 * Religiosity: manifesting as intrusive thoughts or impulses revolving around blasphemous and sacrilegious themes.Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry Research, Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages 273-280 D.Denys, F.de Geus, H.van Megen, H.Westenberg* Health: including consistent fears of having or contracting a disease (different from hypochondriasis) through seemingly impossible means (for example, touching an object that has just been touched by someone with a disease) or mistrust of a diagnostic test.* Relationship obsessions (ROCD)''': in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd」の詳細全文を読む
Relationship obsessions (ROCD)''': in which someone in a romantic relationship endlessly tried to ascertain the justification for being or remaining in that relationship. It includes obsessive thoughts to the tune of "How do I know this is ''real'' love?" "How do I know he/she is the ''one''?" "Am I attracted enough to this person?" or "Am I in love with this person, or is it just lust?" "Does he/she really love me?" and/or obsessive preoccupation with the perceived flaws of the intimate partner. The agony of attempting to arrive at certainty leads to an intense and endless cycle of anxiety because it is impossible to arrive at a definite answer.How Relationship Substantiation can Jeopardize your Romantic Life http://www.obsessivecompulsions.com/rocd」の詳細全文を読む
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